Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency: state of the art and research challenges
Marian SIMKA EUROMEDIC Specialist Clinics, Department of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, Katowice; Poland ABSTRACT This review discusses a potential vascular basis for multiple sclerosis (MS). The idea that MS could be related to vascular disease is not new, with the first reports describing connections between veins and MS plaques dating from the 19th century. The venous abnormalities found in MS patients, the socalled chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency, are currently interpreted as congenital venous malformations. Catheter venography is regarded as the gold standard to assess these lesions, while other tests, such as Doppler sonography and magnetic resonance venography, are much less…
